Others
Like glucaric acid, xylaric, arabinaric and mannaric acids are all derived from plant sugars and can be used to make a range of bioproducts and novel polymers with different properties. A common polymerization technology also allows “mixing and matching” different carbohydrate diacids into single polymer products to further refine and tailor the physical properties of those polymers.
Xylaric, arabinaric and mannaric acids differ from glucaric acid in size and shape due to the different stereoconfigurations of their hydroxyl groups. These differences give each acid distinct chemical properties, physical properties and uses as unique building block chemicals.
These differences give each acid distinct chemical properties, physical properties and uses as unique building block chemicals.
These three acids are developed from distinct renewable feedstocks. Glucaric acid is derived from glucose, a plant sugar whose most common form is corn syrup. Xylaric, arabinaric and mannaric acids are derived from sugars extracted exclusively from woody biomass feedstocks.
Xylaric acid and arabinaric acid are five carbon diacid products from xylose and arabinose. The sugar feedstocks of these diacids are commonly found in hemicellulose
Mannaric acid, like glucaric acid, is a six carbon diacid and differs only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on the second carbon (C2). This inversion of stereochemistry at C2 compared to glucaric acid gives mannaric acid an S,S,S,S configuration on carbons 2-4. Since all four stereocenters have the same configuration, polyamides with mannaric acid incorporated into the main chain will be stereoregular without requiring a special synthetic methodology. In contrast, to produce stereoregular glucaric acid-based polyamides, the glucaryl orientation has to be set through synthetic manipulation.
Rivertop’s platform technology can also be applied to produce galactaric (mucic) and ribaric acids.
For information on these coming products, please email buildingblockchemicals@rivertop.com.